Monkeypox is a virus that originates from animals and spreads to humans. In 1958, this virus was first seen in research monkeys. Due to this reason, monkeypox got its name. Monkeypox can cause major health concerns. Recently, monkeypox is spreading very rapidly in the world, including Pakistan.
History and Origin of Monkeypox
It was first seen during 1970 in humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa. It was present in populated areas of Central and West Africa. It was transmitted from wild animals like rodents and primates to humans. For many years, Monkeypox was only present in those areas, but with time, the virus spread to other parts of the world. The countries affected by the this virus are Europe, America, South Asia, and Pakistan.
Symptoms
Its symptoms are considered to be similar to those of smallpox. The symptoms begin with:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
Within 1 to 3 days of fever, the patient feels a rash on the face and other body parts. The rash has many stages before it forms a scab. The person feels illness for about 2 to 4 weeks. It becomes severe in people with weak immune systems, like children and pregnant women.
Countries Most Affected by Monkeypox
While it mainly exists in Central and West Africa, now its cases are reported in other countries like,
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Spain
- Portugal
- Germany
- Pakistan
The reasons for the vast spread of it are still under study. But mainly increased travel and human-to-human transmission are the main reasons.
How Monkeypox Spreads
It spreads from any contact with an infected person or animal. The virus enters the body through damaged skin, respiratory tract, and mucous.
It can also spread through:
- Direct contact with body fluids.
- Indirect contact with infected clothing or linens.
- Animal bites or direct contact with body fluids of an infected animal.
Cases in Pakistan
According to the latest reports of 2024, Pakistan has confirmed approximately 11 cases of monkeypox. These cases are mostly seen in areas like Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. The number of cases is comparatively low, but the situation is under the supervision of health authorities. The government has started screening at international airports to reduce the risk of additional cases. Isolation wards are formed in hospitals to isolate infected patients. Public awareness campaigns are also on the way to educate people about the symptoms and preventions. But Pakistan is facing many challenges due to limited healthcare resources.
Current Situation of virus in Pakistan
In Pakistan, the situation of is closely seen by health care authorities and the government. But some cases are reported from urban areas like Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. In Pakistan, 11 confirmed cases and 1 death case are detected.
From the latest reports:
- Number of Cases: Pakistan has reported 11 confirmed cases, but its number is fluctuating with time. Health experts are more concerned about the spread of viruses in populated areas.
- Government Response: The Pakistani government has taken several steps to monitor the virus. This includes screening at international airports, isolation wards in hospitals, and public awareness campaigns to educate people.
- Public Awareness: Despite efforts, public awareness remains a challenge. Misinformation about the virus and its transmission is widespread, making it crucial for authorities to provide accurate information.
Treatment
There is no proper treatment for pox virus. But it is closely related to the smallpox virus, so vaccines for smallpox are used to control its spread. Managing symptoms like fever and pain is also important. For severe cases, some antiviral treatment with drugs like Tecovirimat (TPOXX) is recommended.
Pakistan’s First Monkeypox Death
In 2024, Pakistan has reported approximately 11 cases . This is especially seen in travelers coming from the Middle East. And amazingly, there is no local transmission identified now. But Pakistan has its first death case from the virus. The deceased was a 40-year-old man who was returning from Saudi Arabia and was under medical care for several months. He was also a patient of HIV, which can ultimately lead to his death. Now there is a need in Pakistan to develop an action plan to reduce this ongoing threat of monkeypox. Because Pakistan is not properly recovered from the impacts of the Corona virus.
Preventive Measures in Pakistan
To reduce the risk of virus, it is important for the public and healthcare workers to seriously take preventive measures.
- Vaccination: Vaccination for monkeypox is not widely available in Pakistan. But it is given to those who are at high risk, like healthcare workers. This vaccine is 85% effective for curing monkeypox.
- Isolation and quarantine: Infected persons should be isolated from healthy persons to prevent the spread of disease.
- Hygiene Practices: Regular use of sanitizers and washing of hands with soap and water can reduce the risk of infection. Try to avoid touching your face without washing hands.
- Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Healthcare providers should use PPE like masks, gloves, and gowns.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: The government and healthcare organizations need to continue their efforts for educating the public about monkeypox symptoms, its spread, and how to prevent infection.
Challenges in Managing Monkeypox in Pakistan
Pakistan will face several challenges if monkeypox spreads like COVID-19:
- Limited Healthcare Infrastructure: The healthcare system in Pakistan is not fully recovered from other infectious diseases, so it is difficult to face another spread.
- Global Travel: Pakistan is a main spot for international travel, and it increases the risk of the virus being imported from other countries.
- Economic issues: Limited economic resources reduce the ability to purchase vaccines, antiviral drugs, and other important medical supplies.
Conclusion
Monkeypox is a serious public health issue that needs quick attention and efforts to prevent its spread in Pakistan. While the number of cases is low as compared to other countries. But the potential of its spread exists in populated areas.
Preventive measures like vaccination, public awareness, and hygiene practices are important to control the spread of monkeypox. By properly staying informed and taking necessary precautions, we can manage the monkeypox situation and prevent its widespread.
Frequently Asked Questions about Monkeypox
Q. What is the new disease in Pakistan?
A. The new disease in Pakistan is monkeypox. 11 cases are detected, and 1 death is registered.
Q. What country has the highest monkeypox?
A. Mainly the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is at highest risk of monkeypox.
Q. How long does monkeypox last?
A. Symptoms of monkeypox mainly take 2 to 4 weeks to recover.
Q. What is the death rate of monkeypox?
A. It is a severe and painful disease that can lead to illness, and its death rate ranges from 0.1% to 3.6%.
Q. Is monkeypox painful?
A. It causes rashes that look like pimples or blusters, which may be quite disturbing and painful.
Q. Is there a vaccine for monkeypox?
A. These vaccines, like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, are available in the United States, not in Pakistan.
